Illegal Urban Expansion on the Outskirts of Tetouan and Its Impact on Forest Areas

Abstract

The outskirts of Tetouan are witnessing a significant expansion of illegal urban development within peripheral neighborhoods. This phenomenon threatens the forest domain, leading to the shrinkage of forest areas, degradation of vegetation cover, and increased pressure on natural resources. This study aims to identify the impact of unregulated urban sprawl on forest cover and examine the demographic and economic factors contributing to this trend—such as rural-to-urban migration and rising real estate prices within the city. Furthermore, it proposes sustainable urban planning strategies to preserve the environment. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology based on fieldwork and direct observation of the affected sites, supported by field photography documenting illegal construction and its environmental impact. The study population covered specific marginal areas, with a sample targeting 607 households. Data were collected regarding construction volume and the extent of damaged forest areas. The results indicate that the spread of illegal urban development is directly linked to economic and demographic factors. It has led to a marked reduction in forest lands and the deterioration of vegetation, posing a threat to natural resources. These findings underscore the urgent need for organized urban planning and continuous monitoring to achieve a balance between urban expansion and environmental protection.