أكروبوليس أثينا بين الفن والسلطة في العصر الكلاسيكي

Khalid Adam Jaballah; Khalid Salim Alabd; Safaa Mohammed Ibrahim

doi:10.36602/faj.2026.n26.10

Authors

Khalid Adam Jaballah University of Tobruk, Faculty of Arts, Department of History, Libya
Khalid Salim Alabd Omar Al-Mukhtar Univ., Fac. of Tourism & Archaeology, Dept. of Archaeology, Libya
Safaa Mohammed Ibrahim Al-Senussi Islamic Univ., Fac. of History & Civilization, Dept. of Archaeology

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36602/faj.2026.n26.10

Keywords:

Acropolis, Athens, classical art, symbolism, architecture

Abstract

The Acropolis of Athens represents a unique intersection of religion, politics, and art in the classical Greek city-state. Following the Persian Wars (Μηδικοὶ Πόλεμοι) in the fifth century BCE, the Acropolis was rebuilt as a symbolic platform reflecting Athens’ (Ἀθῆναι) cultural and political supremacy and its leadership in the Greek world. The architectural and sculptural program, including the Parthenon (Παρθενών), Propylaia (Προπύλαια), and monumental statues such as Athena Parthenos (Ἀθηνᾶ Παρθένος) by Phidias (Φειδίας), functioned as tools for reproducing symbolic power and reinforcing collective identity. This study demonstrates how spatial planning, visual experience, and religious symbolism conveyed political messages to Athenians and visitors alike, making the Acropolis not only a religious site but a space of civilizational and intellectual authority.

References

الناصري، سيد أحمد علي (1991). تاريخ الإغريق: دراسة في الحضارة اليونانية. دار النهضة العربية.

Assassin's Creed Wiki Fandom (n.d.). Assassin's Creed Wiki. https://assassinscreed.fandom.com

Boardman, J. (1985). Greek Sculpture: The Classical Period. London: Thames & Hudson.

Camp, J. M. (2001). The Archaeology of Athens. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Herodotus. (1920). The Histories, Volumes I–IV (A. D. Godley, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press / Loeb Classical Library.

Hurwit, J. M. (1999). The Athenian Acropolis: History, Mythology, and Archaeology from the Neolithic Era to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Loraux, N. (1990). The Invention of Athens: The Funeral Oration in the Classical City. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

MozaWeb. (n.d.). mozaWeb digital education https://www.mozaweb .com

Neils, J. (Ed.). (2001). The Parthenon Frieze. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ober, J. (2008). Democracy and Knowledge: Innovation and Learning in Classical Athens. Princeton: Princeton University Press Pausanias, (1918). Description of Greece, Volume I: Attica and Corinth (W. H. S. Jones, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press / Loeb Classical Library.

Plutarch. (1916). Lives, Volume III: Pericles and Fabius Maximus (B. Perrin, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press / Loeb Classical Library. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/DLCL.plutarch-lives_comparison_pericles_fabius_maximus.1916

Pollitt, J. J. (1990). The Art of Ancient Greece: Sources and Documents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rhodes, P. J. (2010). A History of the Classical Greek World, 478–323 BC. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

Vernant, J.-P. (1982). Myth and Thought among the Greeks. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Stewart, A. (1990). Greek Sculpture: An Exploration. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Thucydides. (1920). History of the Peloponnesian War (Vols. 1–4, C. F. Smith, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press / Loeb Classical Library. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/DLCL.thucydides-history_peloponnesian_war.1919

Tripadvisor.(n.d.).Tripadvisor https://ar.tripadvisor.com