Cylinder Seals as a Source for Studying the History of Mesopotamia

Abstract

This study aims to highlight the significance of cylinder seals as one of the most important archaeological sources for reconstructing the history and civilization of Mesopotamia. These seals provide rich insights into various aspects of life, including political, economic, social, and religious dimensions. The research explores the artistic features that characterized cylinder seals throughout successive historical periods—from the Early Dynastic period through the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian eras.

The study also examines the materials used in crafting these seals, particularly different types of stones, both local and imported. One of the key findings is that cylinder seals played a central role in organizing commercial transactions. Furthermore, each historical phase exhibited distinct stylistic traits, which assist researchers in chronological classification. The seals also revealed detailed information about religious rituals and practices, as well as the architectural layout and furnishings of temples.