Al-Wadani, F.M. and Jaafar, A.A. 2021. The Phenomena of Qabala and Assurance Developed into the Obligation System in the Ottoman Empire (132 AH - 1299 AD). (Faculty of Arts Journal) مجلة كلية الآداب - جامعة مصراتة. 17 (May 2021), 182–204. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36602/faj/2021.n.17.10.